Microphysiological Systems
Microphysiological systems (MPS), including organ-on-chip devices and tissue chips, are engineered platforms that recreate the microenvironment of human tissues. Unlike organoids that self-organize, MPS are deliberately engineered with controlled architecture, microfluidic flow, mechanical forces, and defined spatial arrangements of cells.
Microfluidic Control
Precise control of fluid flow, shear stress, and nutrient delivery mimics physiological circulation.
Mechanical Forces
Cyclic stretching, compression, and breathing motions recreate tissue biomechanics.
Tissue Interfaces
Porous membranes enable tissue-tissue interfaces like the alveolar-capillary barrier.
Real-Time Sensing
Integrated sensors monitor TEER, oxygen, pH, and other parameters continuously.
Engineering Precision
Tier 2 adds engineering control to the biological complexity of organoids. While organoids self-organize, MPS provide defined architecture, controlled flow, and reproducible conditions. This engineering layer enables quantitative, reproducible experiments essential for drug development and regulatory submissions.